Automatic transmissions are mainly classified into three types, each offering different driving characteristics and advantages:
1. CVT – Continuously Variable Transmission
How It Works:
CVT doesn’t use traditional gears. Instead, it relies on two variable-diameter pulleys connected by a belt or chain. The pulleys adjust in size based on hydraulic pressure from CVT fluid, seamlessly changing the gear ratio to maintain optimal engine performance.
Advantages:
- Extremely smooth ride (no gear shifts).
- Efficient power delivery.
- Excellent fuel economy.
- Ideal for city driving.
Disadvantages:
- Linear power delivery lacks punch.
- “Rubber band” effect – acceleration can feel delayed or sluggish.
- Less engaging driving experience.
2. AMT – Automated Manual Transmission
How It Works:
AMT uses a traditional manual gearbox, but clutch and gear changes are automated via actuators controlled by the ECU (Electronic Control Unit). Sensors monitor speed, RPM, and throttle input to determine when to shift.
Advantages:
- Combines affordability with automatic convenience.
- Good fuel efficiency.
- Lower maintenance compared to other auto types.
Disadvantages:
- Gear shifts can be slow or jerky.
- Requires patience when overtaking; delayed downshifts can hinder performance.
- Less refined than other automatic systems.
3. DCT/DSG – Dual-Clutch Transmission
How It Works:
Dual-clutch systems use two clutches: one for odd-numbered gears (1, 3, 5, 7) and one for even-numbered gears (2, 4, 6, R). While you’re driving in one gear, the next gear is pre-selected, allowing near-instant gear changes.
Advantages:
- Incredibly fast and seamless gear shifts.
- Excellent acceleration and performance.
- Highly responsive, making it popular in performance and premium vehicles.
Disadvantages:
- High maintenance and repair costs.
- Usually found only in mid-to-high-end cars.
- Can feel jerky at low speeds or during crawling traffic.