Car transmissions are generally classified into two main types:
1. Manual Transmission (MT)
External Components:
- Gearshift Lever – Allows the driver to manually select gears (typically 5 or 6 speeds).
- Clutch Pedal – Used to disengage the engine power temporarily, enabling smooth gear shifts. When the clutch pedal is pressed, power from the engine is disconnected, allowing the driver to shift gears. This happens within a fraction of a second.
Advantages:
- Offers more engaging and fun driving experience.
- More affordable than automatic cars.
- Typically lower maintenance costs.
Disadvantages:
- Requires effort and time to shift gears manually.
- Can lead to slight power loss during gear changes.
- Usually less fuel-efficient in stop-go traffic.
2. Automatic Transmission (AT)
External Component:
- Gearshift Lever – Unlike manual cars, there are no numbered gears to change. Instead, there are mode selections such as:
- P (Park) – Locks the transmission.
- D (Drive) – Moves the car forward.
- R (Reverse) – Moves the car backward.
- N (Neutral) – Disengages the drivetrain.
Advantages:
- Extremely convenient in traffic conditions.
- Improved fuel efficiency in modern models.
- Easier to operate, especially for new drivers.
Disadvantages:
- Can feel jerky during gear shifts in certain conditions.
- Maintenance costs are usually higher compared to manual transmission.